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Anti-Semitism

Anti-Semitism

ANTI SEMITISM

HISTORY OF ANTI-SEMITISM

Hertzl was brave enough to state it out loud

Jews will always suffer from antisemitism unless they live separate from the non-Jewish world.

We have a long history of antisemitism. It has been nicknamed, “the longest hatred.” There are Torah scholars that have even suggested that antisemitism was created by God, to keep Jews apart from non-Jews, so we will continue to observe His Bible, our Torah, and keep it alive.

There have been 2,300 years of antisemitism, with no sign of diminshing. When you read the history below, you will discover Jews were dispersed around the world, improving the countries where we settled. We advanced their cultures, standard of living, commerce, legal system, science, medicine, economy, and wealth. We were rewarded by being tortured and killed, or forced to leave with only the clothes on our backs, or forced to assimilate, stop being Jewish, and convert to other religions.

There were six stages in the historical development of antisemitism:

Pre-Christian in ancient Greece and Rome
Christian in the middle ages
Classical Muslim
Political, social, economic antisemitism in post-Enlightenment Europe
Racial antisemitism started in 19th century culminating in Nazism
Contemporary antisemitism culminating in terror attacks on Jews

Here are specific examples:

In ancient Greece, 3rd century BCE, Antiochus issued edicts against Jews, banning Jewish practices, circumcision, and desecrated the Temple in Jerusalem and which sparked the Maccabees in Judea
The ancient Romans refused to allow the Jews to rebuild the Temple, and destroyed so many Jews “killing until their horses were submerged in blood to their nostrils.”
There is a passage in the New Testament (Matthew 27:25) where a Jewish crowd declares the blood of Jesus is on them and their children, which some believe has caused more Jewish suffering throughout history than any other passage in the New Testament.
In the 600’s CE, verses of the Quran became hostile towards Jews. The Jewish tribe Banu Qurayza was forced to surrender to Muhammad- the men were beheaded, and all the women and children were taken captive. There were several other conflicts between the Jews of Arabia and Muhammad, in which many Jews were killed and their property seized.
Persecution of Jews in Europe reached a climax during the Crusades. In the First Crusade, Germans destroyed Jewish communities on the Rhine and Danube, and in 1298, 100,000 Jews were killed by knights. Then in Alsace more than 100 Jewish communities were attacked. During the Second Crusade, Jews of France were victims of killing and atrocities, and Jews were attacked in London. Following the Crusades, Jews were subject to expulsions, including, in 1290, the banishing of all English Jews. In 1396, 100,000 Jews were expelled from France and in 1421, thousands were expelled from Austria. Many of those expelled fled to Poland.
At certain times in the Middle Ages, in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Yemen, decrees ordering the destruction of synagogues were enacted. Jews were forced to convert to Islam or face death in parts of Yemen, Morocco and Baghdad. 6,000 Jews were killed by a Muslim mob during the 1033 Fez massacre and there were further massacres in Fez in 1276 and 1465, and in Marrakesh in 1146 and 1232.
Jews were subject to a wide range of legal restrictions throughout the Middle Ages, some of which lasted until the end of the 19th century. Even moneylending and peddling were at times forbidden to them. The number of Jews permitted to reside in different places was limited; they were concentrated in ghettos and were not allowed to own land; they were subject to discriminatory taxes on entering cities or districts other than their own. In 1215 it was decreed that Jews must wear distinguishing clothing. The most common such clothing was the Jewish Hat.
The practice of expelling Jews, the confiscation of their property and further ransom for their return was utilized to enrich the French crown during the 13th and 14th centuries. The most notable such expulsions were from Paris in 1182, from the whole of France in 1254, in 1306, in 1322 and1394.
In the Catholic kingdoms of late medieval and early modern Spain, oppressive policies and attitudes led many Jews to embrace Christianity. The Inquisition used torture to elicit confessions and delivered judgment at public ceremonials before they gave their victims over to the secular authorities for punishment. Some 30,000 Jews were condemned to death and executed by being burnt alive. In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella issued an edict of expulsion for Jews in Spain, giving Jews four months to either convert to Christianity or leave the country. Some 165,000 emigrated and some 50,000 converted to Christianity.
Between 1881 and 1920, approximately three million Jews from Eastern Europe migrated to America, many of them fleeing pogroms and the difficult economic conditions which were widespread in much of Eastern Europe during this time. Pogroms in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia, prompted waves of Jewish immigrants after 1881. Jews came to work in the America/s mines and factories. Many Americans distrusted these Jewish immigrants. The earlier wave of Jewish immigration from Germany, the latter (post 1880) came from "the Pale" – the region of Eastern Poland, Russia and the Ukraine where Jews had suffered under the Czars. Jews faced discrimination in the United States in employment, education and social advancement. American groups criticized them as culturally, intellectually, morally, and biologically inferior. Despite these attacks, very few Eastern European Jews returned to Europe.
In Russia, the Tsar's minister stated that the aim of the government with regard to the Jews was that: "One third will die out, one third will leave the country and one third will be completely dissolved [into] the surrounding population". A mix of pogroms and repressive legislation did indeed result in the mass emigration of Jews to western Europe and America. Between 1881 and the outbreak of the First World War, an estimated two and half million Jews left Russia – one of the largest mass migrations in recorded history.
In the 19th century the position of Jews worsened in Muslim countries. Hundreds of Algerian Jews were killed in 1805. There was a massacre of Iraqi Jews in Baghdad in 1828. In 1859, some 400 Jews in Morocco were killed in Mogador. In 1864, around 500 Jews were killed in Marrakech and Fez in Morocco. Concerning the life of Persian Jews in the middle of the 19th century, they were obliged to live in a separate part of town... they were considered unclean creatures... Under the pretext of their being unclean, they are treated with the greatest severity and pelted by the boys and mobs with stones and dirt... For the same reason, they were prohibited to go out when it rained; for it was said the rain would wash dirt off them, which would sully the feet of the Muslims... If a Jew was recognized as such in the streets, he was subjected to the greatest insults.
One symbol of Jewish degradation was the phenomenon of stone-throwing at Jews by Muslim children. A 19th-century traveler observed: "I have seen a little fellow of six years old, with a troop of fat toddlers of only three and four, teaching [them] to throw stones at a Jew, and one little urchin would, with the greatest coolness, waddle up to the man and literally spit upon him. To all this the Jew is obliged to submit; it would be more than his life was worth to offer to strike a Mahommedan."
Antisemitism was particularly virulent in Vichy France during World War II. The Vichy government openly collaborated with the Nazi occupiers to identify Jews for deportation. The antisemitic demands of right-wing groups were implemented under the collaborating Vichy regime of Marshal Philippe Pétain, following the defeat of the French by the German army in 1940. A law on the status of Jews of that year, followed by another in 1941, purged Jews from employment in administrative, civil service and judicial posts, from most professions and even from the entertainment industry – restricting them, mostly, to menial jobs. Vichy officials detained some 75,000 Jews who were then handed over to the Germans and sent to their deaths.
In Germany, following World War I, Nazism arose as a political movement incorporating racially antisemitic ideas, expressed by Adolf Hitler in his book Mein Kampf (German: My Struggle). After Hitler came to power in 1933, the Nazi regime sought the systematic exclusion of Jews from national life. Jews were demonized as the driving force of both international Marxism and capitalism. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 outlawed marriage or sexual relationships between Jews and non-Jews. Antisemitic propaganda by or on behalf of the Nazi Party began to pervade society. Mass violence against the Jews was encouraged by the Nazi regime, and on the night of the 9th and 10th of November 1938, dubbed Kristallnacht, the regime sanctioned the killing of Jews, the destruction of property and the torching of synagogues. Already prior to the new European war, German authorities started rounding up thousands of Jews for their first concentration camps while many other German Jews fled the country or were forced to emigrate.
As Nazi control extended in the course of World War II, antisemitic laws, agitation and propaganda were brought to occupied Europe, often building on local antisemitic traditions. In the German-occupied Poland, where over three million Jews had lived before the war in the largest Jewish population in Europe, Polish Jews were forced into newly established prison ghettos in 1940, including the Warsaw Ghetto for almost half million Jews. Following the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, a systematic campaign of mass murder in that country was conducted against Soviet Jews (including former Polish Jews from Soviet-annexed territories) by Nazi death squads called the Einsatzgruppen, killing over one million Jews and marking a turn from persecution to extermination. In all, some six million Jews, about half of them from Poland, died from direct killings or starvation, disease and overwork in German and collaborationist captivity between 1941 and 1945 in the genocide known as the Holocaust.
On 20 January 1942, all the ethnic Jews and many of part-Jews resident in Europe and North Africa were marked to be exterminated. To implement this plan, the Jews from Poland, Germany, and various other countries would be transported to purpose-built extermination camps set up by Nazis in the occupied Poland and in Germany-annexed territories, where they were mostly killed in gas chambers immediately upon their arrival. These camps, located at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Chełmno, Bełżec, Majdanek, Sobibór and Treblinka, accounted for about half of the total number of Jewish victims of Nazism.
Between 1900 and 1924, approximately 1.75 million Jews migrated to America's shores, the bulk from Eastern Europe. Where before 1900, American Jews never amounted even to 1 percent of America's total population, by 1930 Jews formed about 3½ percent. This dramatic increase and the upward mobility of some Jews was accompanied by a resurgence of antisemitism.
In the first half of the 20th century, Jews in the United States faced discrimination in employment, in access to residential and resort areas, in the membership of clubs and organizations and in tightened quotas on Jewish enrollment and teaching positions in colleges and universities. The formation of the Anti-Defamation League in October 1913 was because American Jews needed an institution to combat antisemitism. Social tension during this period also led to renewed support for the Ku Klux Klan, which had been inactive since 1870.
Antisemitism in the United States reached its peak during the 1920s and 1930s. The pioneer automobile manufacturer Henry Ford propagated antisemitic ideas in his newspaper The Dearborn Independent. The pioneer aviator Charles Lindbergh led the America First Committee in opposing any involvement in the new war in Europe. Lindbergh gave a speech in Des Moines, Iowa in which he expressed, "The three most important groups which have been pressing this country towards war are the British, the Jews, and the Roosevelt Administration." In his diary Lindbergh wrote: "We must limit to a reasonable amount the Jewish influence... Whenever the Jewish percentage of the total population becomes too high, a reaction seems to invariably occur. It is too bad because a few Jews of the right type are, I believe, an asset to any country."
The German American Bund held parades in the late 1930s which featured Nazi uniforms and flags with swastikas alongside American flags. Some 20,000 people listened to Bund leader Fritz Julius Kuhn at Madison Square Garden in 1939 criticizing President Franklin Delano Roosevelt by repeatedly referring to him as "Frank D. Rosenfeld" and calling his New Deal the "Jew Deal". During a race riot in Detroit in 1943, Jewish businesses were targeted for looting and burning.
Antisemitism in the Soviet Union reached a peak in 1948–1953 and culminated in the so-called Doctors' Plot that could have been a precursor to a general purge and a mass deportation of the Soviet Jews as nation. The country's leading Yiddish-writing poets and writers were tortured and executed in a campaign against the so-called rootless cosmopolitans. The excesses largely ended with the death of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union. However, the discrimination against Jews had continued, leading to a mass emigration once it was allowed in the 1970s, followed by another during and after the breakup of the Soviet Union, mostly to Israel.
The Kielce pogrom and the Kraków pogrom in communist Poland were examples further incidents of antisemitic attitudes and violence in the Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. A common theme behind the anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war period in Poland were blood libel rumors. Antisemitism in Poland resulted in the emigration of most of the country's Holocaust survivors during the late 1940s and in 1968, mostly to either Israel or the United States.
During the early 1980s, isolationists on the far right made overtures to anti-war activists on the left in the United States to join forces against government policies in areas where they shared concerns.[189] This was mainly in the area of civil liberties, opposition to United States military intervention overseas and opposition to U.S. support for Israel. As they interacted, some of the classic right-wing antisemitic scapegoating conspiracy theories began to seep into progressive circles, including stories about how a "New World Order", also called the "Shadow Government" or "The Octopus", was manipulating world governments. Antisemitic conspiracism was "peddled aggressively" by right-wing groups. Some on the left adopted the rhetoric, which it has been argued, was made possible by their lack of knowledge of the history of fascism and its use of "scapegoating, reductionist and simplistic solutions, demagoguery, and a conspiracy theory of history." The Crown Heights riots of 1991 were a violent expression of tensions within a very poor urban community, pitting African American residents against followers of Hassidic Judaism. Towards the end of 1990, as the movement against the Gulf War began to build, a number of far-right and antisemitic groups sought out alliances with left-wing anti-war coalitions, who began to speak openly about a "Jewish lobby" that was encouraging the United States to invade the Middle East. This idea evolved into conspiracy theories about a "Zionist-occupied government" (ZOG), which has been seen as equivalent to The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
While Islamic antisemitism has increased in the wake of the Arab–Israeli conflict, there were riots against Jews in Middle Eastern countries prior to the foundation of Israel, including unrest in Casablanca, Shiraz and Fez in the 1910s, massacres in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Safed and Hebron in the 1920s, pogroms in Algeria, Turkey and Palestine in the 1930s, as well as attacks on the Jews of Iraq and Tunisia in the 1940s. As Palestinian Arab leader Amin al-Husseini decided to make an alliance with Hitler's Germany during World War II, 180 Jews were killed and 700 were injured in the Nazi-inspired riots of 1941 known as the Farhud. Jews in the Middle East were also affected by the Holocaust. Most of North Africa came under Nazi control and many Jews were discriminated against and used as slaves until the Axis defeat. In 1945, hundreds of Jews were injured during violent demonstrations in Egypt and Jewish property was vandalized and looted. In November 1945, 130 Jews were killed during a pogrom in Tripoli. In December 1947, shortly after the UN Partition Plan, Arab rioting resulted in hundreds of Jewish casualties in Aleppo, including 75 dead. In Aden, 87 Jews were killed and 120 injured. A mob of Muslim sailors looted Jewish homes and shops in Manama. During 1948 there were further riots against Jews in Tripoli, Cairo, Oujda and Jerada. As the first Arab–Israeli War came to an end in 1949, a grenade attack against the Menarsha Synagogue of Damascus claimed a dozen lives and thirty injured. The 1967 Six-Day War led to further persecution against Jews in the Arab world, prompting an increase in the Jewish exodus that began after Israel was established. Over the following years, Jewish population in Arab countries decreased from 856,000 in 1948 to 25,870 in 2009 as a result of emigration, mostly to Israel.
The first years of the 21st century have seen an upsurge of antisemitism. Several authors such as Robert S. Wistrich, Phyllis Chesler, and Jonathan Sacks argue that this is antisemitism of a new type stemming from Islamists, which they call new antisemitism. Blood libel stories have appeared numerous times in the state-sponsored media of a number of Arab nations, on Arab television shows, and on websites.

or more on this subject, please go to the pages on this website on Anti-Semitism on Campus, and Recent Terror and Jewish Hate Crimes.

** This list was compiled with the help of Wikipedia, some parts taken in whole, some edited.

Recent Violent Anti-Semitism

There were three deadly attacks at Jewish places in just over a year.

The deadliest anti-Semitic attack in American history — the synagogue shooting on Shabbat in Pittsburgh that killed 11 worshippers in October, 2018 — was an example of a broader phenomenon of growing anti-Semitic violence.
In April 2019, a shooting at a synagogue outside San Diego killed one worshiper and injured three others, including the rabbi.
A deadly attack in a New Jersey kosher market in December 2019 week punctuated several years of growing and increasingly violent incidents of anti-Semitism in the U.S.. The shooting in Jersey City, where three people were killed at the market, was the third deadly attack at a Jewish space in just over a year.

“It would appear these kinds of acts of anti-Semitism are now the new normal,” said Jonathan Greenblatt, chief executive of the Anti-Defamation League, which tracks anti-Semitic incidents.

Campus Anti-Semitism

Racist and anti-Semitic incidents have rattled college campuses nationwide as educators struggle to stop them from spreading.

Just recently, in November 2019, CNN reported in one week alone, at least four incidents were reported on college campuses hundreds of miles apart from one another.

Here’s a breakdown:

University of Georgia: Swastikas at residence halls- At the University of Georgia, a Jewish student said someone tore off her historically Jewish sorority's letters from her residence hall door twice in September. Later, someone wrote on the white board on her door, "All Heil" with a swastika underneath it. "They knew I was Jewish and then chose to attack me for it. It's definitely shocking to me," she said. The University of Georgia confirmed Thursday that someone drew swastikas on placards and message boards at two campus residence halls. University President Jere W. Morehead said the behavior has no place on the campus. "I am appalled by such offensive and outrageous displays of hate," Morehead said in a statement to the university community.
Iowa State: Swastika and racist stickers - In an email to students and faculty, the president of Iowa State University addressed the latest racist incidents reported on campus. A swastika was etched into a door of a dormitory community room and racist stickers and posters were found on light poles and bus stop signs, President Wendy Wintersteen wrote. The email was signed by the president and Iowa State University Police Chief Michael Newton. "We want to again emphasize that we denounce racism, white supremacy, anti-Semitism and all bigoted rhetoric and actions," the email says. "We are appalled that people continue to spread hate on our campus."
Syracuse: Racist graffiti targeting different groups - A spate of racist and anti-Semitic incidents, and what students describe as the university leadership's slow response to it, have sparked protests on campus. Several cases of prejudiced graffiti have been found on or next to Syracuse's campus to date.
The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire is investigating five students after a string of racist social media posts from a private Snapchat discussion became public. The posts use of an image of a burning cross at an apparent Ku Klux Klan rally and direct hateful comments, according to a statement from James Schmidt, the school's Chancellor. "I want to personally condemn the social media posts. They were despicable and disgusting," he said in the statement. The messages were discovered by school officials on Twitter organically, not reported by students to officials or police, assistant chancellor Michael Rindo said.

In addition, the B.D.S. movement, Boycott Divest and Sanction against Israel, has become rampant on American campuses, supported by Faculty. The American Government has now identified this movement with antisemitism.